EXPANSION AND EVOLUTION (WEB 1.0, 2.0, 3.0)

http://www.learnabouttheweb.com/module-1/expansion-and-evolution-web-1-0-2-0-3-0/

Originally the Internet was based on “read-only” content. This information was posted on the Internet and available for people to search, find and read.

The information was developed using hypertext markup language (HTML) and offered only limited graphics. Videos and photos were rare. This era of the Internet is known as Web 1.0.

Web 1.0 did not allow people to contribute additional information or interact with the information at all. Users were excited to find information easily via computer. Website owners were happy to communicate their message to the world. Web 1.0 focused on information.

Most of the Internet is still based on Web 1.0 technology. When you post an informational article and send someone a link, you are using this type of “read-only” capability

Web 2.0 refers to the next generation of Internet technology which allows dynamic, collaborative content. As users expressed a desire to comment on and interact with the information they found on the Internet, technology evolved to make this level of interaction possible.

Facebook and YouTube are examples of Web 2.0 technology. Web 2.0 technology is designed to attract attention and encourage interaction. Users comment, share, and engage with the information presented online. Web 2.0 is a movement from “read-only” to “read-write.” When users provide feedback, comments, or input they are leveraging Web 2.0 technology.

The Internet continues to change as people use it. The public is constantly asking for more the Internet and their online experiences. As user needs and demands change, the Internet will change in response. In fact, web designers have started talking about an even more advanced Internet – Web 3.0.

As technology advances, certain issues are being revealed. One of these issues is the difficulty of computers to determine the context of information presented.

Currently computers do not understand the meaning of information that is presented to them but are limited to using the information literally as it is presented. Yet users are looking for an interactive experience where computers use personalization and intelligent search to suggest options, offer advertising based on preferences, and interpret data as it is used.

Web applications currently cannot determine the relative importance of an individual piece of information versus another. The next technology development trend, known as Web 3.0, is focused on changing the way computers interpret information. Think of it as a simplified type of artificial intelligence.

The idea is to give computer software the ability to interpret data based on the context of its use. When this is successful, software will have the ability to launch and perform tasks automatically based on the way data is used. Web 3.0 will make the Internet an even more powerful tool for communication and drive the way we use technology in the future.

What I learnt:

Web 1.0 was based on a read only content and information. Users were only able to read and copy links. Web 2.0 is more of the interation side. This has enabled internet users to move from the "read only" phase to the "read and write phrase". Web designers have started talking about a new internet which is known as 3.0 which would allow the computer to take part in the experience as well which will give communication and the internet a more powerful tool and drive the way in which technology is used! 

COMMERCIALIZATION OF THE INTERNET (NETSCAPE WATERSHED)

http://www.learnabouttheweb.com/module-1/commercialization-of-the-internet-netscape-watershed/

The National Science Foundation opened the door to commercial use of the Internet in 1991. Up until this time, use of the Internet for commercial purposes was restricted.

The High Performance Computing Act, sponsored by Senator Al Gore, established the National Research and Education Network (NREN) and allocated $600 million for high performance computing. NREN brought together industry, academia and government in a joint effort to accelerate the development of networking.

So Al Gore did create the Internet, right? (joke).

One of the most important results of the Gore Bill was the development of the first web browser, Mosaic, in 1993. This browser marked the beginning of the Internet boom and commercialization of the internet in general. Mosaic’s graphical user interface (GUI) and interactive user experience became the foundation for the Internet browsers in use today.

Jim Clark, the founder of Silicon Graphics, believed the commercial potential of the Mosaic web browser. He formed Netscape Communications with Marc Andreessen, one of the writers of the Mosaic web browser. They developed and released Netscape Navigator, the first web browser designed for commercial use.

Netscape offered on-the-fly display of web pages, where text and graphics appeared on the screen as the page loaded. Earlier web browsers did not display partial images, forcing users to stare at a blank screen while the page loaded completely. By displaying partial pages as they loaded even people using dial-up connections could begin using a web page quickly.

Designed primarily for commercial use, Netscape made Internet use acceptable to the general public and business was quick to respond. Internet browsing started to become considered a potentially profitable market. In fact, the original Netscape Navigator is often considered “the best tech product of all time” due to its impact on the Internet.

What I learnt from this section:

Mosaic was the 1st web brewer to be developed during the internet boom which lead to the commercialisation of it. This was the fundamental foundation for the internet web browsers as we know it today. Jim Clark co-formed a new internet web browser with Marc Andreessen and together created Netscape navigator which was the 1st of its kind for commercial usage. The website offered "on-the-fly- display which is where text and graphics appeared whilst the rest of the screen was loading. Before this web browsers only showed the page after it had fully loaded. By doing this it allowed people using dial up to browse more quickly. This then lead to the commercial and more acceptable use of the internet and the public and businesses where quick to respond to this. This then lead to the idea of internet browsing seen as a profitable market. 

EARLY USE OF THE INTERNET

Technology continued to advance, and in the 1980s use of the internet expanded from governmental and military organizations into education.

ITNET was introduced by IBM to provide email and listserv systems to primarily educational institutions and college campuses. In 1981 the National Science Foundation created CSNET56 to allow computers to connect outside of government agencies and networks.

In 1983 TCP/IP became the standard Internet protocol. TCP/IP specified how data should be formatted, transmitted and received across internet connections. The same year the Domain Name System was introduced and allowed domain names to automatically be assigned an IP address.

As technology advanced and connections, such as T1 lines, were developed and provided faster connection speeds between hosts, use of the Internet grew.

The number of online hosts grew from 1,000 in 1984 to over 100,000 in 1989. Still primarily used for data transfer and email communication, the Internet was growing in popularity in educational and governmental communities.

In 1990 a hypertext system, eventually known as HTML(Hyper Text Markup Language), was created and implemented by Tim Berners-Lee. This system opened the way for creation of the first web page as we know it in 1991.

HTML allowed computer code to be interpreted and displayed graphically on a computer monitor in a user friendly way. That same year the first content-based search protocol was developed. This protocol examined the contents of a file in addition to just the file names.

What I learnt from this section: 

I learnt that TCP/IP was used for formatting, transmitting and receiving data through the internet connect; which in turn allowed the the fast growth of the internet use. Online hosts grew considerably as in 1984 there was only a 1000 known hosts but grew to 100,000 in 1989 which was still solely used for emails and data transfers; this was becoming very popular in the education and governmental communities. 

HTML-a hypertext system was made and created by Tim Berners-Lee which lead to the creation of the web's first page as we knew it in 1991. This new code allowed computer users to create and interpret graphics to be displayed on computers in a user friendly way. 

History of the internet

• The web’s earliest origins are traced back to J.C.R. Licklider, a researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) who first proposed the concept of a “Galactic Network” in 1962. http://www.learnabouttheweb.com/module-1/the-history-of-the-web/
• In the late 1960s a group of engineers strung four host computers together to formARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) – an early rendition of the modern Internet. 
• More and more computers were added to the original ARPNET “string” and in 1972 the Network Working Group (NWG) created the first ARPANET Host-to-Host protocol known as Network Control Protocol (NCP).
• NCP allowed computers running on the same network to talk to each other. The Internet was born, although it was not referred to as the Internet until 1974.
• The Internet had humble beginnings as an experimental tool for governmental agencies. ARPANET was a military project and the Department of Defense played a key role in supporting and funding research into computer technology. In 1972 ARPA officially changed its name to DARPA – Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.
• In 1976 SATNET, a satellite program developed to link the USA with Europe was developed. Since most satellites are not owned by single countries but rather a consortium of multiple countries, the Internet expanded at this point beyond the USA and into other parts of the world.

What i learnt from this section

I learnt that the earliest origins of the web can be traced back to a researcher who had a concept called the Galatic Network in 1962.

four engineers strung four computers together to create arpanet. Which then lead to more computers added to it which followed through to the hot to host protocol- network control protocol. It was then developed even further into a network bases system which allowed the computers on the same network to talk to each other. 

The government then got hold of it and allowed its use of military projects and research.  In 1976 SATNET developed satellites in order for the USA and Europe to talk to each other.